Essay on Naturalism in Stephen Cranes Maggie A Girl of...

Naturalism in Stephen Cranes Maggie: A Girl of the Streets Stephen Cranes interpretations of life are spawned from his own opinions of the world. These opinions correspond with naturalistic train of thought. He makes use of an observation technique to show the natural law of the universe: One can either accept the laws determining social order or become their victim. In the Novella, Maggie is used as a medium to paint the picture of the devastating consequences that befall one who attempts to violate this unspoken law, breaching the social and economic boundaries set upon them at birth. Cranes views of the poor allow him to create his characters as shells absent of conscious thought, leaving them susceptible to the ills of their†¦show more content†¦Crane insinuates that Maggie is special but does not elaborate as to why she is the only one chosen to try to crack the shell of pauperism that had for years held her at bay. Crane supports these factors of naturalism, when he bestows upon Maggie the initiative to venture beyond what she was born into without giving the reason as to why she alone is chosen. The naturalistic universe falls under one single explanatory theory of all events. In such a universe one can either internalize the laws determining natural and social focus or be their victim(P.18). Crane falls into this grouping of writers and supports this view in the novella, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. Maggie is given two options upon arrival at the mental crossroads in her life. She can either submit to the social norms ascribed of her class or venture forth and fight them. Each choice comes with a consequence. By submitting to the assumed cultural standards of his class and making no attempts to distance himself from the life in which he was born, Maggies brother, Jimmie, manages to survive. Jimmie gains this life at the price of individualism. He became a pawn of the environment he lived in, conforming to its will and not his own. Conversely, Maggie, who attempts to distance herself from her own social circumstances and follow her own will, loses her life, but, in the pro cess, gains a sense of individualism. She make herself one of the few that dares to beShow MoreRelatedNaturalism in Stephen Cranes Maggie: a Girl of the Streets1630 Words   |  7 PagesNaturalism in Stephen Crane’s â€Å"Maggie: A Girl of the Streets† â€Å"Maggie: A Girl of the Streets,† is a novella written by Stephen Crane and published in the year 1893. This work was published during the time of the Industrial Revolution, when factories were appearing everywhere. Their workers were often not paid enough to lead a decent life, and suffered from their situation. They were not very civilized and sometimes aggressive in their behavior. Perhaps because of this radical change from a more agriculturalRead MoreThe s Maggie : A Girl Of The Streets1857 Words   |  8 PagesStephan Crane’s Maggie:A Girl of the Streets is fundamentally a work of naturalism with a few elements of realism. Donna M Campbell explains in Naturalism in American Literature, much of the naturalistic literary movement focuses on taboo topics such as violence, poverty, prostitution, and alcoholism. Naturalism has other characteristics such as static characters and Social Darwinism, characters who are controlled by their environment and have very litt le â€Å"free will†, and animal imagery. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Viewpoints of Stephen Crane and His Novel Maggie: A Girl on the Streets807 Words   |  4 Pagesworld, and frequently shapes lives regardless.† (â€Å"Although it’s origins†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Stephen Crane was influenced to write his 1893 novella, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, as a result of his religious family, the secrecy to publish a novel that reveals the reality and impurity of the real world and from the impact of needy, urban landscapes that ended realism and began naturalism. Beginning in the early years of Stephen Crane’s life, he was the last son of thirteen other siblings. Being raised by a MethodistRead MoreAnalysis Of Stephen Crane s A Girl Of The Streets 1494 Words   |  6 PagesStephen Crane has come to be considered the â€Å"forerunner† of western naturalism (Perosa 94). His works portray the harshest of realities, from the crime and disease ridden streets brought to life in Maggie, to his take on the atrocities of battle in The Red Badge of Courage. Crane pushed his strong messages of â€Å"environment† being a determining element in life, and his belief that there are no â€Å"heroes,† only different individuals in different situations. Crane himself was part of the 19th-centuryRead MoreNaturalism in a Lost Lady1797 Words   |  8 PagesGrace Ren Mr. Kotlarcyck Mod 6-7/8 9 March 2012 The Animal Within: Naturalism in a Lost Lady History and literature have developed in a parallel manner, as organisms often co-evolve with each other. With the publication of Darwin’s groundbreaking work, the Origin of Species, a new group of people, the Social Darwinists, applied the theory of natural selection to social hierarchy. A most notable Social Darwinist, Herbert Spencer, coined the term â€Å"survival of the fittest†, implying that peopleRead More Analysis of Stephen Cranes, Maggie: A Girl Of The Streets Essay2468 Words   |  10 PagesAnalysis of Stephen Cranes, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets Today in modern America, it has become almost impossible to avoid the tales of horror that surround us almost anywhere we go. Scandals, murders, theft, corruption, extortion, abuse, prostitution, all common occurrences in this day in age. A hundred years ago however, people did not see the world in quite such an open manner despite the fact that in many ways, similarities were abundant. People’s lives were, in their views, free of allRead More The Yellow Wallpaper1466 Words   |  6 PagesGilman and Stephen Crane come to mind. A feminist socialist and a realist novelist capture moments that make their readers rethink life and the world surrounding. Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was first published in 1892, about a white middle-class woman who was confined to an upstairs room by her husband and doctor, the room’s wallpaper imprisons her and as well as liberates herself when she tears the wallpaper off at the end of the story. On the other hand, C rane’s 1893 Maggie: A Girl of the StreetsRead MoreEssay Stephen Crane’s â€Å"Maggie: A Girl of the Streets†1289 Words   |  6 Pagescame naturalism, a form of writing similar to realism, but with more pessimism. One of the reasons for this pessimism stems from free will and the question of whether people possess it or not. In realism, it is definitely true, while in naturalism it seems less so, but the options are often less than ideal. Because choices do exist for characters, free will is still there, which indicates that naturalism is a derivative form of realism. In Stephen Crane’s â€Å"Maggie: A Girl of the Streets,† theRead MoreTaking a Look at Naturalism1496 Words   |  6 Pages Naturalism The style of naturalism, naturalistic writers writers, and naturalistic works were very influential during the1880’s to 1940’s. Naturalism began as a literary movement that used some what of a detailed realism of things to prove that social conditions and environment had shaped the human race. This form of literature was a way of explaining the ways and beauty of everyday reality.Unlike Romanticism, the use of romance to influence the reader, or Surrealism, the use of artworks and writingsRead MoreNaturalism As A Genre Of Naturalism1627 Words   |  7 PagesNaturalism as a genre depicts commonplace happenings dictated by powers larger than humans, such as nature or society. As Phillip Barrish puts it, â€Å"Literary works †¦ traditionally identified with naturalism depict characters whose lives are controlled or ‘determined’ by immense, impersonal forces that the characters themselves can barely understand, let alone effectively resist† (116). Obviously, not all naturalist literature is created equal; different authors choose to focus on different aspects

Career Goals And Knowledge Of Field And Program Essay

Section 1 – Career Goals / Knowledge of Field and Program 1. As an individual I have always been appreciative of front line responders and their willingness to step in and assist individuals in a time of need. Witnessing this has inspired me to pursue a career in law enforcement and criminal justice. My ultimate goal after completing the Correctional Services Program is to apply to police agencies, and correctional institutions. 2. After multiple hours of research in the Correctional Services Program at Grant MacEwan the thing that interests me most in this program is that opens up doors to other careers in criminal justice. My goal is to become a police officer, but I am open to the opportunities which this program has to offer. Taking this course will provide me with the extensive knowledge needed to work in the law enforcement industry. I spent multiple hours reading the MacEwan University website with all the details and requirements to gain entry in to the Correctional Se rvices program. Further, while researching this program I came upon a student testimonial on YouTube. There was a young female named Samantha who was very encouraging about the program. I also researched the program on ALIS where I learnt what the approximate wages are in the corrections industry. Lastly, when researching I came upon â€Å"About the Correctional Services Diploma† written by Kevin Hood. Here, I learnt that MacEwan has a seamless transfer agreement which allows students to apply directlyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Professional Care Action Plan1534 Words   |  7 PagesProfessional Career Action Plan Renika Johnson HCS/449 October 22, 2012 Urmi Bhaumik Professional Career Action Plan The professional career action plan gives in details my career goals, rather than the personal goals. 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My passion is the physical structures and mechanics of the body; I am fascinated with how the body moves, the structures that support it, the joints thatRead MoreMentoring : A Integrated Mentoring Program1324 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION The goal of mentoring in military organizations is to help junior personnel reach their full potential by having senior personnel help develop them, and pass on their practical expertise and professional knowledge to personnel who are committed to advancement and success (United States, 1995). A thriving mentoring program will enhance our overall professionalism and help meet the future needs of our organization. In my current job, I am charged with implementing a mentoring program where officersRead MoreWhy I Am An Engineer926 Words   |  4 PagesThe market has an increasing need for professionals with data management knowledge, analytical capability and problem-solving skills. 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University of Texas at Dallas One program of interest resides at the University

The Merchant Of Venice Tragedy, Comedy Or Tragicomedy

Teresa Feltman Professor Silva English 200 13 January 2017 The Merchant of Venice: Tragedy, Comedy or Tragicomedy Can time and historical events affect the categorization of a literary piece? William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is a play that is difficult to classify in a specific genre. It is often referred to as one of his problem plays. This means that it does not easily fall into a single category. Most literary sources categorize The Merchant of Venice as a comedy because it fits the description by having a happy ending. There are those, however, that discuss the dark side of the play and insist that the play could also be classified as a tragedy. Due to the plays’ complexity and the events of history, it can be argued that†¦show more content†¦Shylock’s revenge against years of ridicule is what brought about his downfall. In the end, his refusal to accept anything but the bond that was agreed upon caused him to lose his home, his daughter, his fortune and his religion. This is a tragedy indeed. Even though some might consider The Merchant of Venice a tragedy, it has always been known to be categorized as a comedy. Comedies are not always plays that generate laughter. They usually involve normal, everyday problems where families are looking for resolution to the problems, often almost suffering a tragedy before they are successful. The comedies always have a happy ending and usually end with couples resolving their issues and falling madly in love, and then getting married to live happily-ever-after (Schnell). The love story of Bassanio and Portia plays an important role in The Merchant of Venice. There are struggles they must overcome to come together. Bassiano’s lack of funds was the first obstacle to overcome in this love story. He had met Portia on an earlier journey to her land and wanted to return to seek her hand in marriage. His dear friend, Antonio, made a bond with Shylock the Jew to secure the funds for Bassanio to travel to Portia’s homeland. If Ant onio forfeited the bond, he would owe the Jew a pound of his flesh in payment. It never entered Bassanio’s mind, or Antonio’s either, that the bond would have to be paid in thisShow MoreRelatedThe Merchant of Venice Is a Tragicomedy....I Got 32/35 so Its a Good Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesA tragedy is a drama or literary work in which the protagonist is brought to ruin or suffers sorrow, especially as a consequence of tragic flaw or moral weakness. Where as, a comedy is a drama or literary work, that is light and often humorous or satirical in tone and it usually contains a happy resolution of the thematic conflict. Thus, a tragicomedy is a fictional work that blends aspects of the genres tragedy and comedy. In Shakespeare’s time a tragicomedy referred to a serious play with a happyRead MoreCommon Features of a Shakespeare Comedy1745 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare Comedy What makes a Shakespeare comedy identifiable if the genre is not distinct from the Shakespeare tragedies and histories? This is an ongoing area of debate, but many believe that the comedies share certain characteristics, as described below: * Comedy through language: Shakespeare communicated his comedy through language and his comedy plays are peppered with clever word play, metaphors and insults. 1. Love: The theme of love is prevalent in every Shakespeare comedy. OftenRead More1.The Merchant of Venice as a Tragicomedy. 2. The justification of Shylocks actions in The Merchant of Venice. 3.The contrast between Belmont and Venice in The Merchant of Venice2296 Words   |  10 Pagesas a tragicomedy Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice is a comedy with a difference. It was written almost certainly between 1596 1598. The play is classed as one of the 16 comedy plays but it is also a problem play due to the tragic elements woven throughout the intricate plot. The play concludes with a harmonious ending but all through the plot, reoccurring themes of sadness and tragedy are included. In terms of dramatic structure, The Merchant of Venice is undoubtedly a comedy. It followsRead MoreSatire : The Fundamental Function Of Satire1644 Words   |  7 PagesComedy plays a fundamental role in my life, ranging from the witty encounters with likeminded people and the way that humour permeates through my family life. On a personal level, I tend to enjoy satirical comedy above all other sub-genres, and in particular, slapstick comedy. Satire is a technique employed by writers and comedians alike to expose and criticise corruption and shortcomings of an individual or a society by using humour, irony and/or exaggeration. Ultimately, the writer feels obligedRead MoreRole of Women in Shakespeares Plays - a Case Study of Macbeth and the Merchant of Venice1499 Words   |  6 Pagesmid -1590s, he wrote mainly comedies influenced by Roman and Italian models and history plays in the popular chronicle tradition. His second period begin in about 1595 with the tragedy â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† and ended with the tragedy of â€Å"Julius Caesar† in 1599. During this time, he wrote what are considered his greatest comedies and histories. From about 1600 to about 1608, his â€Å"tragic period†, Shakespeare wrote mostly tragedies, and from 1608 to 1613, mainly tragicomedies called romances.

Woolworths Limited and Criticisms From Public

Question: Discuss about the Woolworths Limited and Criticisms From Public. Answer: Introduction Corporate Governance is a set of rules and regulations basis which a company is directed to perform and is controlled as well. Basically it is concerned with maintenance of a balance of interest between the various stake holders of a company such as the shareholders, creditors, employees, the government regulators as well as the society as a whole. The economic condition in todays world is such that adherence to these corporate regulatory requirements and governance is of utmost importance. Lack of adequate governance has led to bankruptcies such as that of One Tel, Lehman Brothers and many more. But it is also to be understood that corporate governance policies once formulated needs timely review as well so as to ensure its effectiveness. Increasing globalisation and its importance has posed a challenge for these regulators. Australian companies are looking ahead to expand globally but at the same time maintaining their Australian identity. Globalisation is good for the economy of Australia but at the same time adequate corporate governance too which are ruled by a range of regulatory authorities such as the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX), the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC). However the same is mixed with the other intended requirements which form the corporate governance in Australia. The said paper talks about how Woolworths Limited has been performing in the recent past, highlighting upon the governance protocols and practices it has been following. Further the areas where the Company has succeeded and similarly the areas where it has failed in its Corporate Governance practices. About Woolworths Limited The said company is listed in the ASX and is a leading business entity engaged in the food and beverage industry which also produces liquor. It is into retail business and is ranked as number two after Wesfarmers. It is known under the brand name Woolworths in Australia and Countdown in New Zealand. The companys current years performance was not so promising wherein it reported a loss of $1.235 billion for the financial year 2016. This is the biggest ever loss reported in two decades since the Company became a part of the ASX. The main reason behind the same was that it had to write down more than $2 billion due to a failure in the Masters Business and losses it suffered in the Big W business (Australian Food News, 2015). Woolworths Limited is a multi-faceted organization and its recent loss is eye catching for everybody, all its investors and the stake holders. So much that hundreds of employees have lost their jobs Although corporate governance has always been the most important stance of the company i.e. to ensure that the shareholders wealth is maximised and their funds are not misappropriated. It ensures that its board of directors act in the most ethical manner and perform their duties in the best interest of the company. As per the governance framework of the Company, the entire board is elected by the shareholders but for the CEO and the Managing Director. The board of directors main role was to ensure that the performance of the various businesses is done as per the policies and strategies. The decisions of the CEO are approved by the Board. Further it also states that the CEO is responsible the conduct of the daily operations of the company in accordance with ethical standards which involves ensuring a transparent attitude towards the employees. Criticisms Faced by Woolworths Limited Current years performance of the Company made it face various criticisms. It clearly shows that what it states in the Corporate Governance Statement and what it delivers are contrasting by nature. The failure of Masters was a big hit over the corporate governance which the Company used to follow. The year 2009 was the one when the Board was over-confident and certain egotism had pervaded into the higher echelons of the company, they ended up investing in Masters (Swan, 2016). Since then, the said segment of the Company has never made profits out of the same yet continued with the said business for five long years until the losses soared up to $500 million. This is an example of bad governance by the Board who did not pay heed to the loss that the said venture is incurring on a year on year basis and putting in a pressure on the top line of the Company (McConnell, 2016). Further the Board did not even take initiatives to improvise on the said business so as to turn the said project pr ofitable. It worked in a manner which would never entail benefits to the Company i.e. it tried to copy the market that exists in United States in Australia without understanding the demands of the citizens of Australia. The Company took too long to understand that the decision taken by the then Chairman was a mistake. Without paying heed to the value of the shareholders wealth and in order to give a big competition to Bunnings part of Wesfarmers business, the Company ended up losing a lot of the shareholders wealth. The Board in order to concentrate its efforts towards Masters, ended up ignoring the profitability of the entire group i.e. failed to concentrate upon its core business of food and beverages. This is where the company lacked in performing its duties of corporate governance (legalvision.com, 2016). They failed to perform one of the most important objective i.e. enhancement of the shareholder value along with ensuring that the activities of the Group are managed efficiently. Although the corporate governance statement pronounced by the Company states the Risk Management Policy and Framework yet the same was not followed in the said case. The risk management teams main objective was to conduct a timely assessment of the various businesses in which the Company is involved, especially the loss making wings and analyse as to how it was impacting the companys overall strategies and performance. Its objective also includes safeguarding of Companys assets as well. However it failed to deliver in case of Masters and did not exemplify the impact it was making on the overall performance of the Company so much that it had to report a loss breaking the record of past twenty years. The 2009 Board was so stubborn that the Company well knew that there was a high barrier to the entry in this segment due to dominance of Bunnings yet it kept on insisting due to which there costs increased (Pash, 2016). However the previous Board did not deter from its decision and tried to prove to the stakeholders that their decision was right. In order to prove the same they ended up compromising upon the main motto of the Company. When the new Chairman was ultimately appointed and the composition of the Board was altered, it is then that there was a revolution bought to the strategizing of the business of Woolworths Limited. Unfortunately, even at present the Company has not been able to get away from the directors who were a part such a disastrous decision. One of the main persuader of the said expansion of hardware was the then director of business development Grant O Brien. He was the one responsible for the roll out of the same who failed to even understand the market demand of Australia (Evans, 2016). However after two years of acquiring Masters, he became the chief executive of the entire Woolworths. His sudden approach of increasing its profitability margins was not taken in the right stride by the customers and they chose to leave Woolworths and shop elsewhere. However he is still the chief executive while a replacement is being searched for. The most shocking was that the Company ended up experimenting for five long years with the wealth of outsiders who believed in the Company and its performances. Further the corporate governance protocols define the members of the board to act in a trustworthy manner but they ended up breaking the same. Another criticism which the Company faced with regards the said failure was the lack of a good work culture. The competitor had a more open ended structure whereas Woolworths Masters structure was close ended wherein the policy had in clear terms stated all staff were to park tail-in to the kerb (Stewart, 2016). The Company failed to involve its customers too. The most obvious reason for such a failure was lack of adequate strategy and thought before implementing any decision. The Board behaved immaturely so much that it ended up buying lands so that the competitor Bunnings would not open up newer stores and frustrate the same. The said approach in itself was very childish not expected to be taken by the Board of a company like Woolworths (Murphy, 2015). Further the kind of stores it opened made people believe that its products would be expensive and hence they stuck to their old stores. Another highly unexpected step taken by the Company was that in order to uphold the Masters Business, Woolworths ended up compromising on their main business of supermarket chains which protected the margins of the company so as to neutralise the impact of the losses it suffered due to Masters (Bartholomeusz, 2016). This was again a decision extremely criticised by the shareholders and the investors as the same led the Wesfarmers and the Coles to gain momentum in the race. Another example of bad corporate governance followed by the management of Woolworths Limited was with regards Big Ws turnaround strategy. Employees of a concern are also the responsibility of the management and they have to ensure to maintain a balance of interest with them and the society as a whole (Thumm, 2016). However it failed to do and did not maintain the required level of transparency and ethical behaviour with them. According to the Australian Financial Review, Big W has handled its severances improperly and that its employees were unaware of the swivel strategies of the Company. The Board has been performing in a manner which is highly unacceptable as per the general practices of code of conduct of business. Without giving any prior or satisfactory justifications it has rolled back its purchase contracts thus hauling the long term suppliers with huge stock. Thus this move hampered the reputation as well. Although the Company officials and the management has full rights to take decisions for the well being of the group but the same should be in accordance with certain policies and protocols which it has laid down in its Corporate Governance Statement(ONeill, 2016). But unfortunately it is being criticised of working out of the policy document thus hurting the sentiments of its various stakeholders such as the investors, employees, suppliers and the community it serves as a whole. Current Measures Taken Presently the Company has promised to introduce a new operating model so as to enable the Company come out of the rags by focussing mainly on the core business of super market and liquor retailing. It has also decided to strengthen the corporate governance structure which was the main reason behind the tragic fall and losses it suffered from years. The Ezibuy has been divorced from Big W and all efforts for selling the former is being made. BIG W, ALH and Quantium all are to have separate governance with better transparency so as to achieve the highest values to the investors and the other stakeholders. Bradford Banducci, the new CEO of the Company has made many promises and all his efforts are steered towards regaining the lost power and reputation of the Company. The confidence that the investors had lost in the Company would be regained once the new board proves itself to be working for the benefit of the Company and not for personal interest. He is the man behind making Dan Murphy the leading liquor store of Australia and is the one of the fewer investments made by the Company which is running into profits (Woolworthsgroup.com, 2016). He is into the continuous task of rebuilding the worth of Woolworths. Conclusion On summarising the performance of Woolsworth Limited it is understood why the public has been criticising its business performance off late. The mistake the Company had done in the year 2009 yielded very disheartening results leading to breaking of trust of customers, staff as well as the investors. Ego coupled with over confidence led to the disruption of the outperforming company. In order to hide ones own faults the then Board ended up sacrificing the leading supermarket retail business chain of Woolworths as well. The Australian government and the regulators should strengthen their policies to such an extent so as to ensure that mandatory checks and regulatory audits are conducted so as to ensure that the decisions of the Boards are also reviewed. Unfortunately the officials had forgotten that even though they are sitting at the helm, yet they are not the owners of the Company and they owe a sense of responsibility towards the stakeholders. The new CEO, although seems to be promi sing yet the same cannot be construed so early whether he would be able to pull Woolworths out of the drain. References: Australian Food News, (2015), Concerns about trends in Woolworths results, Available at https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2015/03/02/concerns-about-trends-in-woolworths-results.html (Accessed 26th November 2016) Bartholomeusz, S., (2016), End of Woolies Masters Disaster, The Weekend Australian [Online], Available at https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/opinion/stephen-bartholomeusz/end-of-woolies-masters-disaster/news-story/0c66eb3b3c504b2efd8e03aa9db5c15d (Accessed 26th November 2016) Evans, S., (2016), What went wrong at Woolworths Masters,The Sydney Morning Herald [Online], Available at https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/what-went-wrong-at-woolworths-masters-20160118-gm8fge.html (Accessed 26th November 2016) Legalvision.com, (2016), Masters Closure : Why It Failed and What Next, Available at https://legalvision.com.au/masters-closure-why-it-failed-and-what-next/ (Accessed 26th November 2016) Murphy,J., (2015), Masters in the screw up that could hammer Woolsworth and the rest of us, Available at https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/masters-is-the-screw-up-that-could-hammer-woolworths--and-the-rest-of-us/news-story/ed95848f906b7eeb3399f8378784e3eb (Accessed 26th November 2016) McConnell, P., (2016), Masters- A Failure of Corporate Governance, Available at https://www.smartcompany.com.au/finance/49655-masters-a-failure-of-corporate-governance/ (Accessed 26th November 2016) ONeill, S., (2016), Why the Woolworths Limited share price is going nuts today?, Available at https://www.fool.com.au/2016/07/25/why-the-woolworths-limited-share-price-is-going-nuts-on-better-grocery-performance/ (Accessed 26th November 2016) Pash, C., (2016), Why The Masters Hardware Business Failed, Available at https://www.lifehacker.com.au/2016/08/why-the-masters-hardware-business-failed/ (Accessed 26th November 2016) Raszkiewicz, O., (2015), 3 key takeaways from Woolsworth Limiteds annual report, Available at https://www.fool.com.au/2015/08/28/3-key-takeaways-from-woolworths-limiteds-annual-report/ (Accessed 26th November 2016) Stewart, E., (2016), Masters: Five reasons Woolworths is pulling the plug on struggling hardware chain, Available at https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-06/five-reasons-woolworths-is-being-hammered-on-hardware/6450364 (Accessed 26th November 2016) Swan, P., (2016), Experienced shareholders better than independent directors for business, Available at https://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/business-law/experienced-shareholders-better-independent-directors-business (Accessed 26th November 2016) Thumm, J., (2016), Big Ws Awkward Turnaround Strategy, Available at https://www.powerretail.com.au/news/big-w-strategy/ (Accessed 26th November 2016) Woolworthsgroup.com., (2016), 2016 Annual Report, Available at https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/icms_docs/185865_annual-report-2016.pdf, (Accessed 26th November 2016)